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<![CDATA[ <script type="text/javascript">var jsRoot = 'http://js.ku6cdn.com/comm/zone/201201091849/', imagesRoot = 'http://css.ku6cdn.com/comm/zone/201111151604/', videoPlayerPath = 'http://img.ku6.com/common/blog/pV1.2.swf';</script> <div id="div_49300" class="entry_text"> <h3> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49300.html" target="_blank">专题23 溶液的配制与混合物的分离2</a> </h3> <div class="entry_tag"> <span class="entry_time">发布于：<span>2009年05月13日 20:54:18</span></span> 标签：<a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%25AD%25A6.html">化学</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%2580%2583.html">中考</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25A4%258D%25E4%25B9%25A0.html">复习</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%2593%25E9%25A2%2598.html">专题</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2.html">溶液</a> | 分类：<a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/blog/10957.html" target="_blank">中考化学复习</a> </div> <div class="out_entry_cont"> <div class="entry_cont"> <div class="inner_entry_cont"> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:宋体, MS Song"> </span></span><span style="font-size:12px"><span style="font-size:12px"> </span></span><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">五、知识能力训练</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">巩固知识</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、指出右图过滤实验操作有何错误?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①<u><span> </span></u></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②<u><span> </span></u></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">③<u><span> </span></u></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列实验操作中不正确的是（<span> </span>）</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、稀释浓硫酸时，将水慢慢注入盛浓硫酸的量筒里</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> B</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、蒸发液体时要不断搅动液体，防止局部过热</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、洗刷盛过食盐溶液的试管，用清水反复冲洗数次</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、在固体物质溶解过程中，搅拌和振荡的作用是相同的</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、配制一定溶质质量分数的硫酸溶液时，必不可少的一组仪器是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、托盘天平、玻璃棒、药匙<span> B</span>、烧杯、量筒、琉璃棒</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、托盘天平、烧杯、量筒<span> D</span>、琉璃棒、烧杯、药匙</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、分离下列混合物，按溶解、过滤、蒸发的操作顺序进行的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、碳酸钙和硫酸钡<span> B</span>、铁粉和铜粉 </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、二氧化锰和氯化钾<span> D</span>、三氯化铁和硝酸银</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列各项括号里的物质是除去杂质所用的药品，其中错误的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、NaOH中混有Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>(盐酸)<span> B</span>、CO中混有SO<sub>2</sub>(石灰水)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、H<sub>2</sub>混有HCl(NaOH溶液)<span> D</span>、HNO<sub>3</sub>溶液中混有KCl(AgNO<sub>3</sub>溶液)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、除去氯化钠中含有的少量的硫酸铁杂质，应选用的一种试剂是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、氢氧化钠溶液<span> B</span>、氢氧化钡溶液<span> C</span>、氯化钡溶液<span> D</span>、氢氧化钾溶液</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">7</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、为了除去表内各物质的杂质，将正确操作的序号填入格内。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">操作有：①加适量的稀盐酸 ②加适量水 ③过滤 ④加热(高温或灼烧) ⑤蒸发</span></p> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; margin:auto auto auto 26.4pt; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">物质</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:68.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">所含杂质</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">去杂质操作</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:131.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">化学方程式</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">KCl</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:68.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></sub></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:131.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></sub></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">CuO</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:68.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">C</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:131.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Cu</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:68.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">CuO</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:131.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">BaCO<sub>3</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:68.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></sub></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:131.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><sub><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></sub></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:#ece9d8; border-top:#ece9d8; border-left:#ece9d8; border-bottom:#ece9d8; background-color:transparent"> <div> <p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">A</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:#ece9d8; border-top:#ece9d8; border-left:#ece9d8; border-bottom:#ece9d8; background-color:transparent"> <div> <p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、右图为一种洗气装置，用它可以除去氧气中的二氧化碳，或一氧化碳中混有的二氧化碳。<span> </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（1）混合气体应从<u><span> </span></u>导管通入。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（2）除去混合气体中的CO<sub>2</sub>，洗气瓶中的物质是<u><span> </span></u>。 <span style="font-family:宋体, MS Song"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></span> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:#ece9d8; border-top:#ece9d8; border-left:#ece9d8; border-bottom:#ece9d8; background-color:transparent"> <div> <p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">A</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:#ece9d8; border-top:#ece9d8; border-left:#ece9d8; border-bottom:#ece9d8; background-color:transparent"> <div> <p><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">B</span></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（3）如果不将A导管插入液面下，能否达到除杂质（洗气）的目的？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（4）这个装置能否作贮气瓶用，被贮存的气体应具有什么性质？应怎样使用？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">提高能力</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">9</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、在NaNO<sub>3</sub>溶液中混有少量NaCl，BaCl<sub>2</sub>杂质，既要除去杂质又得到只含NaNO<sub>3</sub>的溶液，下列操作正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、先加适量AgNO<sub>3</sub>溶液，再加适量的稀H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> B</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、先加适量的稀H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>，再加适量的AgNO<sub>3</sub>溶液。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、先加适量的AgNO<sub>3</sub>溶液，再加适量的K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>溶液。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、先加适量的Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>溶液，再加适量的AgNO<sub>3</sub>溶液。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">10</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、除去KCl中的K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>依次加入的试剂最好的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、CaCl<sub>2</sub>溶液→K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>溶液→盐酸<span> B</span>、Ba(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>溶液→K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>溶液→盐酸</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、BaCl<sub>2</sub>溶液→K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>溶液→盐酸<span> D</span>、BaCl<sub>2</sub>溶液→Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>溶液→盐酸</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">11</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、固体NaOH因易与空气中的CO<sub>2</sub>反应而含杂质，现在要配制纯净的氢氧化钠溶液，其实验操作的主要过程应是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、溶解→加适量BaCl<sub>2</sub>溶液→过滤<span> B</span>、溶解→加适量CaCl<sub>2</sub>溶液→过滤</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、溶解→加适量Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>溶液→过滤<span> D</span>、溶解→加适量盐酸→加热</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">12</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、在不引入新杂质的情况下，分离FeCl<sub>3</sub>、KCl、BaSO<sub>4</sub>的混合物，应选用的一组试剂是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、水、硝酸银溶液、稀硝酸<span> B</span>、水、氢氧化钠溶液、稀盐酸</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、水、氢氧化钾溶液、稀盐酸<span> D</span>、水、氢氧化钾溶液、稀硝酸</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">13</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、要除去CO气体中混有的少量的CO<sub>2</sub>，应采用的方法是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、把混合气体通过澄清的石灰水<span> B</span>、把混合气体通过灼热的CuO</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、把混合气体通过灼热的木炭<span> D</span>、把混合气体点燃</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">14</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、要除去N<sub>2</sub>中少量的O<sub>2</sub>、H<sub>2</sub>、CO<sub>2</sub>和水蒸气等，可将混合气体依次通过下列各组物质，其中正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、澄清石灰水，浓H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>，灼热的CuO，灼热的铜网。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> B</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、灼热的铜网，澄清石灰水。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、灼热的铜网，灼热的CuO，浓H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>，澄清的石灰水。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、灼热的铜网，灼热的CuO，澄清的石灰水，浓H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">15</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、某溶液中含有Cu(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>、Ba(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>、AgNO<sub>3</sub>三种溶液，为使上述三种物质分别转化为沉淀，并将沉淀分离出来，现提供Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>、NaOH和盐酸三种试剂，要求每次只加一种试剂，滤出一种沉淀，则所加试剂的次序是<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">16</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、将硝酸钾和硝酸钙的混合物分离，其实验步骤如下：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①将混合物溶解，向混合物溶液中加入过量的<u><span> </span></u>溶液。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②过滤，洗涤沉淀。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">③向沉淀中加入<u><span> </span></u>，至沉淀完全溶解后，蒸发溶液得到晶体<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">④向滤液中加入<u><span> </span></u>，至不再产生气泡。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">⑤蒸发所得溶液，得到晶体<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">17</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用胆矾配制溶质质量分数为20%的硫酸铜溶液(密度为1.02ｇ/cm<sup>3</sup>)250mL</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①需要胆矾的质量是<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②简述配制硫酸铜溶液的主要操作步骤过程</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">a</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、<u><span> </span></u></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">b</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、<u><span> </span></u></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> c</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、把配好的硫酸铜溶液装入<u><span> </span></u>(填试剂瓶)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">18</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、如何除去CaCO<sub>3</sub>中的NaCl？如何分离CaCO<sub>3</sub>和NaCl?<span> </span>除去NaCl中的CaCl<sub>2</sub>，为什么不能用K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>?</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">19</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、实验室用KClO<sub>3</sub>和MnO<sub>2</sub>制取氧气反应的方程式是<u><span> </span></u>，充分反应后，欲将残留物分离并加以回收，必须的实验步骤是<u><span> </span></u><span> <u> </u> <u> </u></span>。</span></p><br /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry_info"> <div class="entry_read"> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49300.html" target="_blank">阅读</a> (<span class="entry_count entry_id49300">0</span>) | <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49300.html#commentdiv" target="_blank">评论</a>(<span>3</span>) | <a href="#" onclick="App.Runtime.Favorite.show(this, 49300);return false">收藏</a> (<span>0</span>) </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="div_49298" class="entry_text"> <h3> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49298.html" target="_blank">专题23 溶液的配制与混合物的分离</a> </h3> <div class="entry_tag"> <span class="entry_time">发布于：<span>2009年05月13日 20:52:29</span></span> 标签：<a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%25AD%25A6.html">化学</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%2580%2583.html">中考</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25A4%258D%25E4%25B9%25A0.html">复习</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%2593%25E9%25A2%2598.html">专题</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E6%25BA%25B6%25E6%25B6%25B2.html">溶液</a> | 分类：<a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/blog/10957.html" target="_blank">中考化学复习</a> </div> <div class="out_entry_cont"> <div class="entry_cont"> <div class="inner_entry_cont"> <h1 style="margin:12pt 0cm 0pt"><a name="_Toc3324605"></a><a name="_Toc3276473"></a><a name="_Toc3276410"></a><a name="_Toc3276315"></a><a name="_Toc3276264"></a><a name="_Toc3276154"></a><a name="_Toc3275158"></a><a name="_Toc3100723"></a><a name="_Toc3091656"></a><a name="_Toc3091421"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="font-family:宋体">专题<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">23<span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:24px">溶液的配制与混合物的分离</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">一、中考复习要求</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、学会配制一定溶质质量分数的溶液。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、以粗盐的提纯为例学会用漏斗、滤纸进行过滤操作和用蒸发皿蒸发浓缩溶液的操作。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、较简单地了解混合物的分离与提纯的原则和方法。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">二、基础知识回顾</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、溶解、过滤、蒸发</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（1）溶解：物质的溶解一般在烧杯或试管中进行。固体物物质的溶解先在烧杯或试管中放入被溶解的物质，然后加适量水，用玻璃棒搅拌可加速溶解。注意搅拌时玻璃棒不要碰烧杯内壁。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（2）过滤：过滤是把不溶于液体的固体物质跟液体分离的一种方法。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①过滤所用的仪器有<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②操作步骤：<u><span> </span></u><span> <u> </u></span>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">③操作注意事项：过滤要求是“一贴，二低，三靠”，即滤纸要和漏斗内壁紧贴；烧杯和玻璃棒(中下部)接触；玻璃棒和<u><span> </span></u>。漏斗下端和<u><span> </span></u>。滤纸边缘要低于<u><span> </span></u>。液面要低于<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（3）蒸发：使溶液浓缩从而析出晶体的一种操作方法。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①蒸发所用到的仪器有：铁架台（或三角架）、酒精灯、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②操作注意事项：a、蒸发液体不超过蒸发皿容积的三分之二；b、加热过程中要用玻璃棒不断搅拌，一是为了加快蒸发速度，二是为了防止滤液局部过热发生迸溅；c、当加热至有少量晶体出现时，应停止加热，充分利用余热使剩余的水分蒸发，析出全部晶体。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、溶液的配制</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">常用的仪器：托盘天平、量筒、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>和试剂瓶。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">主要步骤：①计算→②称量→③溶解→④装入试剂瓶。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、混合物的分离与提纯</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">分离是指将混合在一起的不同物质彼此分开的过程，除去混在物质中的杂质以得到纯物质的过程中叫物质的提纯。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（1）原则：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①分离物质的原则是：分离后的每种物质应保持自己原来的状态。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②提纯物质的原则一般为：a、所选试剂一般只与杂质反应；b、反应后生成的物质易于分离；c、不能引入新杂质；d、避免被提纯物质大量损失。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（2）基本方法：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">在初中阶段分离物质所采取的方法有过滤法和结晶法，提纯物质可根据被提纯物与杂质的物理性质或化学性质的不同而采取物理或化学方法。物理方法一般为过滤法，结晶法和蒸发法。化学方法有沉淀法，气化法、置换法等等，将在“解题方法”栏中详细介绍。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（3）粗盐的提纯：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">粗盐中含有不溶于水的泥砂，可用溶解、过滤的方法除去，蒸发滤液即得精盐。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">实验步骤：①溶解→②过滤→③蒸发</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">三、重点疑点讨论</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、量取80mL的液体，为什么不能用小于80mL的量筒量取？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、玻璃棒在粗盐提纯时的三个主要操作中分别起什么作用？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、过滤为什么要做到“一贴，二低，三靠”？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">四、解题方法指导</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">一)物理方法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、过滤法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">：如何除去Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>中的CaCO<sub>3</sub>?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>易溶于水，CaCO<sub>3</sub>难溶于水，所以可采取溶解过滤的办法。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔启示〕：该法适于除去液体中的难溶物或将为难溶物和易溶物组成的混合物分离开来。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、结晶法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">如何除去KNO<sub>3</sub>中少量的NaCl?如何除去NaCl中少量的KNO<sub>3</sub>?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：KNO<sub>3</sub>、NaCl都易溶于水，但NaCl的溶解度受温度的影响较小，而KNO<sub>3</sub>的溶解度受温度的影响大，将混合物溶于水，加热得到硝酸钾的高温饱和溶液，降温后大量KNO<sub>3</sub>晶体折出，而NaCl溶解在水中，过滤可将NaCl除去。第二问请同学们讨论。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔启示〕：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、蒸发法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">：怎样由Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>溶液得到Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>晶体？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔启示〕：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">二)化学方法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、沉淀法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">：如何除去CuCl<sub>2</sub>粉末中的CuSO<sub>4</sub>?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：将混合物溶于水，然后逐滴加入BaCl<sub>2</sub>溶液，待刚好没有白色沉淀析出为止，然后将沉淀过滤，蒸干滤液，可得CuCl<sub>2</sub>固体。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、气化法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">5 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">如何除去NaCl溶液中的Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：向溶液中滴加稀盐酸，直至无气泡产生，可得纯净的NaCl溶液。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、置换法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">6 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">如何除去FeSO<sub>4</sub>中少量的CuSO<sub>4</sub>?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：将Fe粉加入溶液中至无红色物质析出，溶液变为浅绿色为止，然后过滤，即得到纯净的FeSO<sub>4</sub>溶液。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、加热法(或煅烧法)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">7 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">如何除去CaO中少量的CaCO<sub>3</sub>?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：可利用CaCO<sub>3</sub>高温分解的性质，且生成物又是CaO，所以用煅烧法将杂质除去。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">５、溶解法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">如何将Cu粉中的Zn粉除去?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：Cu不溶于水，且不与稀盐酸(或稀硫酸)反应，而锌可“溶于”这两种酸。所以可将混合物加入适量的稀盐酸(或稀硫酸)中，待反应至无气泡产生后，过滤得到纯净的铜粉。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、吸收法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">9 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">如何除去H<sub>2</sub>中少量的HCl气体?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：H<sub>2</sub>难溶于水，而HCl易溶于水；H<sub>2</sub>不与碱反应，而HCl可与碱反应。所以可将气体通入盛有水或碱溶液的洗气瓶。把HCl吸收掉。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">10 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">除去CO中的少量CO<sub>2</sub>和水蒸气，可使混合气体先通过盛有<u><span> </span></u>或<u><span> </span></u>的装置，再通过盛有浓H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>或<u><span> </span></u>等的装置。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">思考：一种气体从水或稀溶液中逸出要携带一部分水蒸气。如果让混合气体后通过盛有石灰水的装置(洗气瓶)，势必使CO中仍含有少量的水蒸气。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">7</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、转化法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">11 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">如何除去CO<sub>2</sub>中的CO?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔分析〕：CO可与Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>、CuO等金属氧化物反应，且生成的气体为CO<sub>2</sub>，而CO<sub>2</sub>则不能。所以将混合气体通过灼热的CuO，即除去了CO，又增加了CO<sub>2</sub>的质量。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">通过以上七种提纯方法，我们得到什么启示?</span></p><br /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry_info"> <div class="entry_read"> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49298.html" target="_blank">阅读</a> (<span class="entry_count entry_id49298">0</span>) | <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49298.html#commentdiv" target="_blank">评论</a>(<span>0</span>) | <a href="#" onclick="App.Runtime.Favorite.show(this, 49298);return false">收藏</a> (<span>0</span>) </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="div_49296" class="entry_text"> <h3> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49296.html" target="_blank">专题22 实验现象的观察和记录</a> </h3> <div class="entry_tag"> <span class="entry_time">发布于：<span>2009年05月13日 20:50:28</span></span> 标签：<a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%25AD%25A6.html">化学</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%2580%2583.html">中考</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%2593%25E9%25A2%2598.html">专题</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25A4%258D%25E4%25B9%25A0.html">复习</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C2.html">实验2</a> | 分类：<a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/blog/10957.html" target="_blank">中考化学复习</a> </div> <div class="out_entry_cont"> <div class="entry_cont"> <div class="inner_entry_cont"> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:黑体">三、重点疑点讨论</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、为什么木炭在O<sub>2</sub>中燃烧，发出的是白光，而硫磺在氧气中燃烧产生的是蓝紫色火焰? 光和火焰有什么区别?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、在描述反应条件时常用到“加热、高温和点燃”，三者有什么区别？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、烟和雾有什么区别?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、把NaOH溶液滴入CuSO<sub>4</sub>溶液中，产生蓝色Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>沉淀，对这一现象的描述准确吗?现象和结论有何区别?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">现象是通过感觉器官的观察所得的事物表象。结论则是通过对实验现象的分析，推理做出的判断。同学们在描述现象时往往把现象和结论相混淆，如把铁片放入CuSO<sub>4</sub>溶液中，对这一实验现象的描述应该是<u><span> </span></u>，而有的学生描述为铁片上生成一层铜。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">四、解题方法指导</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">下列物质在空气中燃烧，能产生白烟的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、镁条<span> B</span>、硫磺<span> C</span>、白磷<span> D</span>、氢气</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">思考：镁条在空气中燃烧生成的白色固体，一部分掉落下来，一部分变为固体小颗粒散布于空气中，同学们在观察这一实验时，往往只注意燃烧时发出的白光，面对产生的白烟视而不见，硫磺和O<sub>2</sub>反应，生成的是SO<sub>2</sub>气体，所以不能产生白烟。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔答案〕：A、C</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">〔启示〕：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">填写下列实验报告：</span></p> <div align="center"> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:133.85pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">实 验 内 容</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:118.15pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">观 察 到 的 现 象</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:136.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">化 学 方 程 式</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:133.85pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">红磷在氧气中燃烧</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:118.15pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">发出明亮的<u><span> </span></u>光，同时产生大量<u><span> </span></u>烟。</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:136.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:133.85pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">在稀盐酸中滴加硝酸银溶液</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:118.15pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">产生<u><span> </span></u>色沉淀。</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:136.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">五、知识能力训练</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">巩固知识</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、对下列实验现象的描述错误的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、紫色石蕊试液可使稀盐酸变红色。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">B</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、打开盛浓硝酸的试剂瓶盖，在瓶口上方出现白烟。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、铁丝在氧气中燃烧发出耀眼的强光。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、向醋酸溶液中滴加石蕊试液，溶液呈红色。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、在澄清的石灰水中滴加碳酸钾溶液，观察到的现象最准确的说法是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、生成碳酸钙沉淀<span> B</span>、生成沉淀</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、有白色沉淀生成<span> D</span>、生成碳酸钙和氢氧化钾</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列物质在氧气中燃烧，无火焰产生的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、甲烷<span> B</span>、红磷<span> C</span>、木炭<span> D</span>、氢气<span> E</span>、硫磺 F、铜丝<span> G</span>、铁丝</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列各组物质中能与稀盐酸、稀H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>、CuCl<sub>2</sub>溶液都发生反应，反应现象又各不相同的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、NaOH溶液<span> B</span>、Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>溶液<span> C</span>、AgNO<sub>3</sub>溶液<span> D</span>、Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub>溶液</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列各组物质(最后一种过量)加足量的水混合后，能得到无色溶液，无沉淀产生，又无气体产生的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:隶书"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:隶书">、Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub><span> MgCl<sub>2</sub> HCl B</span>、CuO<span> HCl AgNO<sub>3</sub></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:隶书"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:隶书">、CaO<span> Na</span><sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub><span> HNO<sub>3</sub> D</span>、FeCl<sub>2</sub><span> KOH HCl</span></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、将下列试剂分别滴入硝酸铜溶液、碳酸钠溶液和稀盐酸中，能观察到三种不同现象的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、NaOH溶液<span> B</span>、Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub>溶液<span> C</span>、Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>溶液<span> D</span>、KCl溶液</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">提高能力</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">7</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、为证实下表中的结论，请从甲组选择合适的试剂，从乙组中选择所观察到的反应现象，将它们的标号分别填入下表中：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">甲组：A、盐酸<span> B</span>、白色碳酸铜粉末<span> C</span>、氯化钡溶液</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">乙组：a、显蓝色<span> b</span>、产生白色沉淀<span> c</span>、产生气泡</span></p> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; margin:auto auto auto 21.15pt; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">选用的试剂</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:173.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">反<span> </span>应<span> </span>现<span> </span>象 </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:105pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">结<span> </span>论</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:173.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:105pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">酒精中含有水</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:173.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:105pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">盐酸中混有硫酸</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:173.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:105pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">氯化锌中含有锌</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、为了除去氧化铜粉末中混有杂质铜，进行如下实验操作，同时记录实验报告中，请按要求把完整的实验报告整理出来。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">实<span> </span>验<span> </span>报<span> </span>告</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">实验用品：①试管 ②玻璃棒 ③酒精灯 ④烧杯 ⑤漏斗 ⑥石棉网 ⑦铁架台 ⑧滤纸</span></p> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; margin:auto auto auto 21.15pt; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:147pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">实<span> </span>验<span> </span>步<span> </span>骤</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:99.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">现<span> </span>象</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:10.5pt">讨论(实验用品填编号)</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:147pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span><span style="font-size:13px">①<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:13px">混合物放入烧杯中，加足量稀硫酸，边加热边搅拌，观察现象。</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:99.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span><span style="font-size:13px">①<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:13px">实验用品<u><span> </span></u></span></p> <p align="left"><span style="font-size:13px">②玻璃棒的作用<u> <span> </span></u>③生成物名称<u><span> </span></u></span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:147pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span><span style="font-size:13px">②<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:13px">过滤观察滤纸上剩余物的颜色</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:99.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="left"><span style="font-size:13px">④实验用品<u><span> </span></u><span> </span></span></p> <p align="left"><span style="font-size:13px">⑤玻璃棒的作用<u><span> </span></u></span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:147pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span><span style="font-size:13px">③<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:13px">向滤纸中加入适量的苛性钠溶液用玻璃棒搅拌，观察现象。</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:99.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">⑥生成物的名称<u><span> </span></u></span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:147pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span><span style="font-size:13px">④<span style="font:7pt 'Times New Roman'"> </span></span></span><span style="font-size:13px">把③中的难溶液物洪干后，放入试管中加热，观察现象。</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:99.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"> </span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:126pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">⑦试管口向下倾斜的原因<u><span> </span></u></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry_info"> <div class="entry_read"> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49296.html" target="_blank">阅读</a> (<span class="entry_count entry_id49296">0</span>) | <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49296.html#commentdiv" target="_blank">评论</a>(<span>0</span>) | <a href="#" onclick="App.Runtime.Favorite.show(this, 49296);return false">收藏</a> (<span>0</span>) </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="div_49294" class="entry_text"> <h3> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49294.html" target="_blank">专题22 实验现象的观察和记录</a> </h3> <div class="entry_tag"> <span class="entry_time">发布于：<span>2009年05月13日 20:49:35</span></span> 标签：<a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%25AD%25A6.html">化学</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%2580%2583.html">中考</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%2593%25E9%25A2%2598.html">专题</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25A4%258D%25E4%25B9%25A0.html">复习</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C.html">实验</a> | 分类：<a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/blog/10957.html" target="_blank">中考化学复习</a> </div> <div class="out_entry_cont"> <div class="entry_cont"> <div class="inner_entry_cont"> <h1 style="margin:12pt 0cm 0pt"><a name="_Toc3324604"></a><a name="_Toc3276472"></a><a name="_Toc3276409"></a><a name="_Toc3276314"></a><a name="_Toc3276263"></a><a name="_Toc3276153"></a><a name="_Toc3275157"></a><a name="_Toc3100722"></a><a name="_Toc3091655"></a><a name="_Toc3091420"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="font-family:宋体">专题<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">22<span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:24px">实验现象的观察和记录</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">一、中考复习要求</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> 1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、初步学会协调地运用五官观察现象。知道观察实验现象的一般程序。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> 2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、会准确地描述和记录实验现象，会实事求是地填写实验报告。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> 3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、归纳常见物质的颜色、状态、溶解性及有关反应的现象等。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">二、基础知识回顾</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、现象是通过感觉器官的观察或通过仪器测定所得的事物表象。物质在发生化学变化时，一般所产生的现象：发光、发热、发声、变色、有无溶解、产生沉淀、发出气味、逸出气体等。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、观察现象的一般途径</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">视觉观察 、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>和<u><span> </span></u>，如对化学变化过程中产生的发光、变色、逸出气体等现象要靠<u><span> </span></u>观察，对放热现象靠<u><span> </span></u>观察，对发声现象则要靠<u><span> </span></u>观察，对于物质气味的观察要靠<u><span> </span></u>观察，对于药品的味道要靠<u><span> </span></u>觉观察。(注意：实验室严禁品尝药品的味道，除非得到老师的许可)</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、观察现象的一般程序</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">实验开始前，注意观察物质的颜色、状态、气味等。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">实验过程中，注意观察物质颜色变化、有无气体或沉淀生成，是否发光、发热等。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">③实验结束后，注意观察生成物的颜色、状态或气味等等。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、总结归纳常见物质的颜色，状态及溶解性，如常见的白色沉淀物有<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>等，<u><span> </span></u>为蓝色沉淀，<u><span> </span></u>红褐色沉淀；常见的黑色物质有<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>；金属除铜为紫红色，金为金黄色，其它均为银白色；常见盐溶液的颜色：①钾盐、钠盐、硝酸盐溶液为<u><span> </span></u>色，②可溶性铜盐如CuCl<sub>2</sub><u><span> </span></u></span>色，CuSO<sub>4</sub><u><span> </span></u>色，③可溶性铁盐为<u><span> </span></u>色，④可溶性的亚铁盐为<u><span> </span></u>色，绝大多数溶液为无色。请列表归纳初中学到的常见物质的名称、化学式、俗名、主要物理性质。</p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、对于实验过程中所观察到现象，要全面地实事求是地做好记录，以便为以后的分析做好准备。请归纳初中学到的有关物质化学性质实验现象，参照教材一一列表描述。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（1）反应中有气体生成</span></p> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; margin:auto auto auto 10.65pt; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:115.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">反应物</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:278.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">反应现象及特征</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:115.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">KClO<sub>3</sub>和MnO<sub>2</sub>混合加热</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:278.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">生成<u><span> </span></u>色使带火星的木条<u><span> </span></u>的气体。</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:115.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">H<sub>2</sub>O通直流电</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:278.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">与电源正极相连的一极产生使带火星的木条<u><span> </span></u>的气体（O<sub>2</sub>），与电源负极相连的一极产生的气体能<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:115.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">加热NH<sub>4</sub>HCO<sub>3</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:278.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">生成有<u><span> </span></u>气味的气体、水珠和使澄清石灰水变<u><span> </span></u>的气体，白色固体逐渐消失。</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:115.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Zn + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>（稀）</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:278.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">锌粒表面产生<u><span> </span></u>，生成无色可燃气体。</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:115.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">CaCO<sub>3</sub> + HCl</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:278.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">产生大量气泡，生成无色能使石灰水变<u><span> </span></u>的气体。</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（2）反应物中有沉淀生成</span></p> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; margin:auto auto auto 10.65pt; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr style="height:17.25pt; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:17.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><span> </span>反 应 物</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:299.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:17.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p align="left"><span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span></span><span style="font-family:宋体">反</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体">应</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体">现</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体">象</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体">及</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体">特</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman"> </span><span style="font-family:宋体">征</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="height:17.25pt"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:17.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">HCl + AgNO<sub>3</sub> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:13px">NaCl+ AgNO<sub>3</sub><em></em></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:299.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:17.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">生成不溶于水和硝酸的<u><span> </span></u>色沉淀(AgCl).</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="height:14.25pt"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:14.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>+ BaCl<sub>2</sub></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:13px">H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>+ Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>+ BaCl<sub>2</sub></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>+ Ba(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:299.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:14.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">生成不溶于水和硝酸的<u><span> </span></u>色沉淀(BaSO<sub>4</sub>).</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="height:11.55pt"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:11.55pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">NaOH + CuSO<sub>4</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:299.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:11.55pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">生成<u><span> </span></u>色沉淀(Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>).</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="height:13.85pt"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:13.85pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">NaOH + FeCl<sub>3</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:299.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:13.85pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">生成<u><span> </span></u>色沉淀(Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>).</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="height:17.25pt"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:94.5pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:17.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">CaCl<sub>2</sub>+Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:13px">CO<sub>2</sub>+ Ca(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:299.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:17.25pt; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">生成<u><span> </span></u>色沉淀(CaCO<sub>3</sub>),加稀硝酸或稀盐酸,沉淀溶解,同时产生<u><span> </span></u>色使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体(CO<sub>2</sub>).</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(3)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">反应中的颜色变化</span></p> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; margin:auto auto auto 10.65pt; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr style="height:11.55pt"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:11.55pt; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><span> </span>反<span> </span>应<span> </span>物</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; height:11.55pt; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><span> </span>反<span> </span>应<span> </span>现<span> </span>象<span> </span>及<span> </span>特<span> </span>征</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">加热CuSO<sub>4</sub>·5H<sub>2</sub>O</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><u><span> </span></u>色晶体逐渐变<u><span> </span></u>色,试管壁上有<u><span> </span></u>生成.</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">CuSO<sub>4 </sub>+ 5H<sub>2</sub>O</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><u><span> </span></u>色固体逐渐变<u><span> </span></u>色.</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">H<sub>2</sub>、C、CO还原CuO</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">见专题25</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Fe + CuSO<sub>4</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">银白色固体表面覆盖一层<u><span> </span></u>色固体。</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Cu + Hg(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">亮红色固体表面覆盖一层<u><span> </span></u>色物质,溶液由无色变为<u><span> </span></u>色.</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">CuO + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:13px">CuO + HNO<sub>3</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><u><span> </span></u>色固体逐渐消失,溶液呈<u><span> </span></u>色.</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>)+HCl</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>(Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>)+H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub></span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><u><span> </span></u>色固体逐渐消失,溶液呈<u><span> </span></u>色.</span></p></td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:110.25pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">Cu(OH)<sub>2</sub>+HCl(H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>)</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:10cm; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" valign="top"> <p><span style="font-size:13px"><u><span> </span></u>色固体逐渐消失,溶液呈<u><span> </span></u>色.</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（4）物质燃烧时的现象和特征</span></p> <table style="border-right:medium none; border-top:medium none; margin:auto auto auto 10.65pt; border-left:medium none; border-bottom:medium none; border-collapse:collapse" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="1"> <tbody> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:57.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" colspan="2"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">反 应 物</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">反 应 现 象 及 特 征</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:21pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" rowspan="4"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">非金属</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">木炭</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">发出<u><span> </span></u>光，生成<u><span> </span></u>色使澄清石灰水变浑浊的气体（CO<sub>2</sub>）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">硫</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">在氧气中燃烧发出明亮<u><span> </span></u>色火焰，在空气中燃烧发出微弱的<u><span> </span></u>色火焰。生成有刺激性气味的气体（SO<sub>2</sub>）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">磷</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">发出明亮的火焰，大量<u><span> </span></u>烟，生成<u><span> </span></u>色固体（P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">氢气</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">在氧气中燃烧发出<u><span> </span></u>色火焰，在空气中燃烧发出<u><span> </span></u>色火焰。生成无色液体（H<sub>2</sub>O）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:21pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" rowspan="4"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">金</span></p> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px"> </span></p> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">属</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">镁</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">剧烈燃烧，发出<u><span> </span></u>强光，生成<u><span> </span></u>色固体（MgO）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">铁</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">在氧气中燃烧，火星四射，生成<u><span> </span></u>色固体（Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">铜</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">在氧气中燃烧，生成<u><span> </span></u>色固体（CuO）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">铝</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">在氧气中燃烧，生成<u><span> </span></u>色固体（Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>）。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:windowtext 1pt solid; width:21pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent" rowspan="4"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">化合物</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">乙炔</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">空气中燃烧发出<u><span> </span></u>色火焰，有浓黑烟产生，生成无色使澄清石灰水变<u><span> </span></u>的气体（CO<sub>2</sub>）。同时有水珠生成。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">甲烷</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">发出<u><span> </span></u>色火焰，生成无色使澄清石灰水变<u><span> </span></u>的气体（CO<sub>2</sub>）。同时有水珠生成。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">乙醇</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">发出<u><span> </span></u>色火焰，生成无色使澄清石灰水变<u><span> </span></u>的气体（CO<sub>2</sub>）。同时有水珠生成。</span></p></td></tr> <tr style="; page-break-inside:avoid"> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:36.75pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p align="center"><span style="font-size:13px">一氧化碳</span></p></td> <td style="border-right:windowtext 1pt solid; padding-right:5.4pt; border-top:#ece9d8; padding-left:5.4pt; padding-bottom:0cm; border-left:#ece9d8; width:336pt; padding-top:0cm; border-bottom:windowtext 1pt solid; background-color:transparent"> <p><span style="font-size:13px">发出<u><span><span> </span></span></u>色火焰，生成无色使澄清石灰水变<u><span> </span></u>的气体（CO<sub>2</sub>）。</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry_info"> <div class="entry_read"> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49294.html" target="_blank">阅读</a> (<span class="entry_count entry_id49294">0</span>) | <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49294.html#commentdiv" target="_blank">评论</a>(<span>0</span>) | <a href="#" onclick="App.Runtime.Favorite.show(this, 49294);return false">收藏</a> (<span>0</span>) </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <div id="div_49290" class="entry_text"> <h3> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49290.html" target="_blank">专题21 化学实验基本操作(二)</a> </h3> <div class="entry_tag"> <span class="entry_time">发布于：<span>2009年05月13日 20:46:02</span></span> 标签：<a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%25AD%25E8%2580%2583.html">中考</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%258C%2596%25E5%25AD%25A6.html">化学</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25A4%258D%25E4%25B9%25A0.html">复习</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E4%25B8%2593%25E9%25A2%2598.html">专题</a> <a target="_blank" href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/tag/%25E5%25AE%259E%25E9%25AA%258C.html">实验</a> | 分类：<a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/blog/10957.html" target="_blank">中考化学复习</a> </div> <div class="out_entry_cont"> <div class="entry_cont"> <div class="inner_entry_cont"> <h1 style="margin:12pt 0cm 0pt"><a name="_Toc3324603"></a><a name="_Toc3276471"></a><a name="_Toc3276408"></a><a name="_Toc3276313"></a><a name="_Toc3276262"></a><a name="_Toc3276152"></a><a name="_Toc3275156"></a><a name="_Toc3100721"></a><a name="_Toc3091654"></a><a name="_Toc3091419"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-size:24px"><span style="font-family:宋体">专题<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">21<span> </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:24px"><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体">化学实验基本操作<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">(</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:宋体">二<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">)</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></h1> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">一、中考复习要求</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、会使用酒精灯，会给试管中的固体物质或液体加热。了解加热仪器及方法，会使用试管夹。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、了解仪器的连接和气密性检验的方法，了解仪器洗涤方法。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">二、基础知识回顾</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、仪器连接与装配</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(1)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">连接方法</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①玻璃管插入橡皮塞：沾<u><span> </span></u>湿润，转动插入。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②玻璃管插入橡皮管：管口平圆，沾<u><span> </span></u>湿润。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">③容器口塞入皮塞：双手平拿，<u><span> </span></u>塞紧，橡皮塞以进入密器口<u><span> </span></u>为宜。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(2)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">连接顺序</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①从<u><span> </span></u>到<u><span> </span></u>，从<u><span> </span></u>到<u><span> </span></u>，顺序连接，拆卸时顺序相反。在习题中常为完成某项检验或测定，需将多个仪器连接起来，此时须注意其逻辑顺序，不可随意安排。最好能围绕“实验目的”和“实验原理”这个中心考虑。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②对于干燥仪器的连接。洗气瓶：盛放<u><span> </span></u>体干燥剂，气体应从<u><span> </span></u>进入；干燥管：盛放<u><span> </span></u>体干燥剂，气体从<u><span> </span></u>通入，(对于U形支管，两端均可)。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(3)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">气密性检查</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">步骤：①连好仪器。②将导管一端插入<u><span> </span></u>中。③用<u><span> </span></u>紧握容器外壁。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">判断：若有<u><span> </span></u>产生，或松手后在导气管末端形成<u><span> </span></u>，则说明不漏气。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、仪器洗涤</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(1)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">洗涤方法：①在试管或烧瓶内,注入一半水，振荡。②用试管刷转动或上下移动。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(2)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">难溶物的洗涤：油脂用热的<u><span> </span></u>溶液或<u><span> </span></u>洗。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">不溶性碱、碱性氧化物、碳酸盐用<u><span> </span></u>洗。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(3)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">洗净标志：内壁附着的水既不<u><span> </span></u>，也不<u><span> </span></u>，形成一层水膜。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(4)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">放置：洗干净的试管应<u><span> </span></u>放在试管架上，其它仪器放在指定地方。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">三、重点疑点讨论</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、给试管里的固体加热时，为什么一般试管口应略向下倾斜？</span></p> <p></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">2</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、给试管里的液体加热时，为什么液体量不超过容积的三分之一，并且试管与桌面成</span><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">45</span><span style="font-family:宋体">度角？</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、使用烧杯、烧瓶加热液体时，为什么要垫石棉网？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、检验带长颈漏斗装置的气密性时，为什么须先加水至液面没过长颈漏斗的颈后，再进行检查？</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">四、解题方法指导</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、酒精灯不用时，必须盖上灯帽的主要原因是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、酒精蒸发会造成中毒<span> B</span>、时间久了灯芯留有水份不易引燃</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、防止酒精自燃<span> D</span>、酒精蒸发造成浪费</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">思考：酒精易挥发，且其中含有一定量的水分。<span> </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、盛石灰水的瓶子，时间长了，瓶壁上出现一层白色物质，下列哪些方法洗得最干净(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、水洗<span> B</span>、盐酸洗<span> C</span>、烧碱溶液洗<span> D</span>、稀盐酸洗后再用蒸馏水洗</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">思考：长时间放置的石灰水与空气中的二氧化碳反应生成不溶于水的白色物质碳酸钙，碳酸钙能溶于稀盐酸中。另外还应注意洗涤干净的标准是内壁形成水膜，不应有其它任何物质存在。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">例题</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3 </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">用水蒸汽通过灼热的煤所制得的水煤气，其主要成分是CO和H<sub>2</sub>，还含有少量CO<sub>2</sub>和水蒸气，如用下列装置设计一个实验，以证明水煤气中含有CO和H<sub>2</sub>，试回答：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> (1)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">连接下述所有装置的正确顺序是：</span><br /><span style="font-size:10.5pt">水煤气→(<span> )</span>→(<span> )</span>→(<span> )</span>→(<span> )</span>→(<span> )</span>→尾气</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(2)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">气体经过乙、丁、戊都应从<u><span> </span></u>进入。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(3)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">确认该气体中含有H<sub>2</sub>、CO的主要实验现象分别是<u><span> </span></u>、<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">(4)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">乙的作用是<u><span> </span></u>，丁的作用是<u><span> </span></u>，戊的作用是<u><span> </span></u>。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（5）尾气能否排放到空气中去?为什么?应怎样处理?</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">思考：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span><span style="font-size:14pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">五、知识能力训练</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">巩固知识</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列实验操作正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、把NaOH放在天平左盘的纸上称量<span> B</span>、加热液体时，试管口朝着无人的方向</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用漏斗过滤时，液面高滤纸边缘<span> D</span>、酒精灯用毕，应立即用嘴吹灭火焰</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">2</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列关于试管加热的操作正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用酒精灯直接给试管加热<span> B</span>、加热时试管底跟灯芯接触</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、给试管中的液体加热，液体体积为其容积的50%</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、加热时，试管口朝着自己或有人的方向</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">3</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用酒精灯给试管中的物质加热，存在错误的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、加热前，擦净试管外壁的水<span> </span> B、用试管夹夹住试管的中上部</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、让试管倾斜，与桌面约成45°角<span> D</span>、用酒精灯的焰心加热</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">4</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列关于试管夹的使用，正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、把试管夹从试管底往上套<span> B</span>、把试管夹从试管口往下套</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、手拿试管夹的长柄<span> D</span>、拇指按在试管夹的短柄上</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">5</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列不能用于加热仪器是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、蒸发皿<span> B</span>、试管<span> C</span>、集气瓶<span> D</span>、燃烧匙</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">6</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列叙述错误的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、往酒精灯内加酒精要使用漏斗</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> B</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用量筒取液体，当接近刻度时，要用滴管滴体</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、从试剂瓶向量筒中倾倒液体时，要用玻璃棒引流</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、往试管中装入固体粉末时，要用小纸槽或药匙</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">7</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列各组仪器，能用来加热液体药品的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、试管、量筒、蒸发皿<span> B</span>、试管、蒸发皿、烧杯</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、量筒、蒸发皿、烧杯<span> D</span>、试管、蒸发皿、集气瓶</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">8</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列操作正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①取用固体药品未说明用量时，一般只需盖满试管底；</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②取用液体药品未说明用量时，一般取用1-2mL；</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">③向酒精灯内加酒清时，不能超过其容积的80%；</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">④给试管内液体加热时，液体体积不能超过其容积的1/3</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、①②③④<span> B</span>、①②④<span> C</span>、③④<span> D</span>、②③④</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">9</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、除去试管中附有的难溶氧化物或盐的方法是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用稀盐酸洗<span> B</span>、用热碱液洗<span> C</span>、用衣粉洗</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、先用稀盐酸溶解氧化物或盐，再用水洗干净</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> 10</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用PH试纸测定溶液PH的正确操作是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、将PH试纸浸入溶液里<span> B</span>、把溶液倒在PH试纸上</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用PH试纸一端浸入溶液里<span> D</span>、用玻璃棒蘸取溶液滴在PH试纸上</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:方正黑体简体">提高能力</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">11</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、某同学在试管中加入2-3mL水，然后进行加热，操作有以下四步：①点燃酒精灯，进行加热；②在试管中加入2-3mL水；③将试管夹夹在试管的中上部；④将试剂瓶盖好，放回原处。其正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、②④③①<span> B</span>、①②③④<span> C</span>、③②①④<span> D</span>、①②④③</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">12</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、当你在厨房炒菜时，锅里的油起火，在该采取的最佳灭火措施是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①盖上锅盖②向锅内倒水③呼叫家长④端下油锅⑤逃离现场⑥打119火警</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、③⑥<span> B</span>、④⑤<span> C</span>、②⑥<span> D</span>、①④</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">13</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、酒精灯内酒精洒到桌面上起火后，可以用湿布盖灭的原因是(<span> </span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、降低温度<span> B</span>、隔绝空气<span> C</span>、既降温又隔绝空气<span> D</span>、改变了酒精的着火点</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">14</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、某同学用下列方法洗涤试管，其正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用稀HNO<sub>3</sub>清洗附着于内壁的BaSO<sub>4</sub></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> B</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用洗衣粉或热纯碱溶液洗盛过豆油的试管</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用水清洗附着的Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用稀盐酸清洗H<sub>2</sub>还原CuO后的试管</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">15</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列玻璃仪器内附着的物质，不能用稀盐酸浸泡而除去的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、盛石灰水后留下的白色物质<span> B</span>、用CO还原Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>后留下固体</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、FeCl<sub>3</sub>与KOH溶液反应后的红褐色固体<span> D</span>、用H<sub>2</sub>还原CuO后留下的红色固体</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> 16</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列清洗方法正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用水清洗试管壁上的Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub><span> B</span>、用NaOH清洗盛过CaCO<sub>3</sub>的试管</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、用热碱液清洗盛植物油的试管<span> D</span>、用HNO<sub>3</sub>清洗盛过石蜡的试管</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">17</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、下列操作正确的是(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、每次取液后，滴瓶上的滴管必须用水冲洗干净</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> B</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、为加快过滤速度，用玻璃棒不断搅拌过滤器内液体</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> C</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、检查气密性时，用手紧贴容器外壁，把导管浸入水中，看是否有气泡产生</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> D</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、称量时，要先加质量大的砝码，再加质量小的砝码</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">18</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、判断题</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">①手拿盛有2ml液体的试管在酒精灯上用外焰加热。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">②实验室制O<sub>2</sub>时，先加热药品再检查气密性。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">③把水迅速倒入盛浓H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>的烧杯中。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">④在100mL量筒内配制80ｇ溶质质量分数为10%的稀H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">⑤用托盘天平可称量12.25ｇKClO<sub>3</sub>。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">⑥实验室所用药品无毒时，可用手去拿取。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">⑦把蒸发皿直接放在铁圈上，用酒精灯加热。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">⑧取放砝码时，要用镊子。(<span> )</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">19</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、通常使用的硫酸是由溶质质量分数为98%、密度为1.84g/cm<sup>3</sup>的浓硫酸稀释而成。方明同学欲配制溶质质量分数为10%的硫酸溶液100g，他已经准确计算出需要溶质质量分数为98%、密度为1.84g/cm<sup>3</sup>的浓硫酸5.5mL，需要蒸馏水89.9mL（计算结果精确到0.1）。接下来的操作请你帮他完成：</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（1）配制10%的硫酸应准备的主要仪器有：量筒、<u><span> </span></u>、玻璃棒和盛放溶质质量分数为10%的硫酸溶液的试剂瓶。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（2）准确量取5.5mL浓硫酸选用<u><span> </span></u>量筒，准确量取89.9mL蒸馏水选用<u><span> </span></u>量筒，请把选择量筒规格的序号填入相应的空格内。<u></u></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> A</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">、10mL<span> B</span>、20mL<span> C</span>、50mL<span> D</span>、100mL</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（3）稀释浓硫酸时应特别注意：<u><span> </span></u></span></p> <p><u><span style="font-size:10.5pt"> </span></u><span style="font-size:10.5pt">。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10.5pt">（4）配制好的硫酸倒入试剂瓶中，并贴上标签。</span></p><br /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="entry_info"> <div class="entry_read"> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49290.html" target="_blank">阅读</a> (<span class="entry_count entry_id49290">0</span>) | <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/entry/49290.html#commentdiv" target="_blank">评论</a>(<span>0</span>) | <a href="#" onclick="App.Runtime.Favorite.show(this, 49290);return false">收藏</a> (<span>0</span>) </div> <div class="clear"></div> </div> </div> <p class="more"> <a href="http://qili.zone.ku6.com/blog.html">查看更多</a> >></p> ]]>
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